Torque
High-performance JSON library for Elixir via Rustler NIFs, powered by sonic-rs (SIMD-accelerated).
Torque provides the fastest JSON encoding and decoding available in the BEAM ecosystem, with a selective field extraction API for workloads that only need a subset of fields from each document.
Features
- SIMD-accelerated decoding (AVX2/SSE4.2 on x86, NEON on ARM)
-
Ultra-low memory encoder (64 B per encode vs ~4 KB for OTP
json/jason) - Parse-then-get API for selective field extraction via JSON Pointer (RFC 6901)
-
Batch field extraction (
get_many/2) with single NIF call - Automatic dirty CPU scheduler dispatch for inputs larger than 20 KB
-
jiffy-compatible
{proplist}encoding
Installation
Add to your mix.exs:
def deps do
[
{:torque, "~> 0.1.7"}
]
end
Precompiled binaries are available for common targets. To compile from source, install a stable Rust toolchain and set TORQUE_BUILD=true.
CPU-optimized variants
On x86_64, precompiled binaries are available for three CPU feature levels:
| Variant | CPU features | target-cpu |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | SSE2 | x86-64 |
| v2 | SSE4.2, SSSE3, POPCNT | x86-64-v2 |
| v3 | AVX2, AVX, BMI1, BMI2, FMA | x86-64-v3 |
At compile time, Torque auto-detects the host CPU and downloads the best matching variant. To override detection (e.g., when cross-compiling for a different target):
TORQUE_CPU_VARIANT=v2 mix compile # force SSE4.2 variant
TORQUE_CPU_VARIANT=v3 mix compile # force AVX2 variant
TORQUE_CPU_VARIANT=base mix compile # force baselineUsage
Decoding
{:ok, data} = Torque.decode(~s({"name":"Alice","age":30}))
# %{"name" => "Alice", "age" => 30}
data = Torque.decode!(json)Selective Field Extraction
Parse once, extract many fields without building the full Elixir term tree:
{:ok, doc} = Torque.parse(json)
{:ok, "example.com"} = Torque.get(doc, "/site/domain")
nil = Torque.get(doc, "/missing/field", nil)
# Batch extraction (single NIF call, fastest path)
results = Torque.get_many(doc, ["/id", "/site/domain", "/device/ip"])
# [{:ok, "req-1"}, {:ok, "example.com"}, {:ok, "1.2.3.4"}]Encoding
# Maps with atom or binary keys
{:ok, json} = Torque.encode(%{id: "abc", price: 1.5})
# "{\"id\":\"abc\",\"price\":1.5}"
# Bang variant
json = Torque.encode!(%{id: "abc"})
# iodata variant (fastest, no {:ok, ...} tuple wrapping)
json = Torque.encode_to_iodata(%{id: "abc"})
# jiffy-compatible proplist format
{:ok, json} = Torque.encode({[{:id, "abc"}, {:price, 1.5}]})API
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
Torque.decode(binary) | Decode JSON to Elixir terms |
Torque.decode!(binary) | Decode JSON, raising on error |
Torque.parse(binary) | Parse JSON into opaque document reference |
Torque.get(doc, path) | Extract field by JSON Pointer path |
Torque.get(doc, path, default) | Extract field with default for missing paths |
Torque.get_many(doc, paths) | Extract multiple fields in one NIF call |
Torque.get_many_nil(doc, paths) |
Extract multiple fields, nil for missing |
Torque.length(doc, path) | Return length of array at path |
Torque.encode(term) | Encode term to JSON binary |
Torque.encode!(term) | Encode term, raising on error |
Torque.encode_to_iodata(term) | Encode term, returns binary directly (fastest) |
Type Conversion
JSON to Elixir
| JSON | Elixir |
|---|---|
| object | map (binary keys) |
| array | list |
| string | binary |
| integer | integer |
| float | float |
true, false | true, false |
null | nil |
For objects with duplicate keys, the last value wins.
Elixir to JSON
| Elixir | JSON |
|---|---|
| map (atom/binary keys) | object |
| list | array |
| binary | string |
| integer | number |
| float | number |
true, false | true, false |
nil | null |
| atom | string |
{keyword_list} | object |
Errors
Functions return {:error, reason} tuples (or raise ArgumentError for bang/iodata variants). Possible reason atoms:
Decode / Parse
| Atom | Returned by | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
:nesting_too_deep | decode/1, get/2, get_many/2 | Document exceeds 512 nesting levels |
parse/1 and decode/1 also return {:error, binary} with a message from sonic-rs for malformed JSON.
Encode
| Atom | Returned by | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
:unsupported_type | encode/1 | Term has no JSON representation (PID, reference, port, …) |
:invalid_utf8 | encode/1 | Binary string or map key is not valid UTF-8 |
:invalid_key | encode/1 | Map key is not an atom or binary (e.g. integer key) |
:malformed_proplist | encode/1 | {proplist} contains a non-{key, value} element |
:non_finite_float | encode/1 | Float is infinity or NaN (unreachable from normal BEAM code) |
:nesting_too_deep | encode/1 | Term exceeds 512 nesting levels |
Benchmarks
Apple M2 Pro, OTP 28, Elixir 1.19:
Decode (1.2 KB JSON)
| Library | ips | mean | median | p99 | memory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| torque | 271.9K | 3.68 μs | 3.54 μs | 6.54 μs | 1.56 KB |
| simdjsone | 188.9K | 5.29 μs | 5.00 μs | 9.63 μs | 1.59 KB |
| jiffy | 152.4K | 6.56 μs | 5.79 μs | 15.79 μs | 1.56 KB |
| otp json | 135.0K | 7.41 μs | 7.04 μs | 13.54 μs | 7.73 KB |
| jason | 106.6K | 9.38 μs | 8.54 μs | 21.75 μs | 9.54 KB |
Decode (750 KB JSON)
| Library | ips | mean | median | p99 | memory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| torque | 513.5 | 1.95 ms | 1.80 ms | 2.51 ms | 1.56 KB |
| simdjsone | 448.9 | 2.23 ms | 1.89 ms | 3.33 ms | 1.56 KB |
| otp json | 191.5 | 5.22 ms | 5.20 ms | 6.15 ms | 2.49 MB |
| jason | 142.2 | 7.03 ms | 7.01 ms | 7.70 ms | 3.55 MB |
| jiffy | 112.4 | 8.90 ms | 8.92 ms | 10.00 ms | 5.53 MB |
Encode (1.2 KB JSON)
| Library | ips | mean | median | p99 | memory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| torque: proplist => binary | 1243.5K | 0.80 μs | 0.71 μs | 1.00 μs | 88 B |
| torque: proplist => iodata | 1242.6K | 0.80 μs | 0.71 μs | 1.00 μs | 64 B |
| torque: map => iodata | 1046.0K | 0.96 μs | 0.88 μs | 1.17 μs | 64 B |
| torque: map => binary | 1044.8K | 0.96 μs | 0.88 μs | 1.17 μs | 88 B |
| otp json: map => iodata | 943.3K | 1.06 μs | 0.83 μs | 10.37 μs | 3928 B |
| jason: map => iodata | 625.3K | 1.60 μs | 1.50 μs | 2.63 μs | 3848 B |
| jiffy: proplist => iodata | 563.3K | 1.78 μs | 1.50 μs | 3.83 μs | 120 B |
| otp json: map => binary | 559.1K | 1.79 μs | 1.54 μs | 5.13 μs | 3992 B |
| jiffy: map => iodata | 493.5K | 2.03 μs | 1.83 μs | 2.54 μs | 824 B |
| simdjsone: proplist => iodata | 458.1K | 2.18 μs | 2.04 μs | 2.71 μs | 184 B |
| jason: map => binary | 384.3K | 2.60 μs | 2.38 μs | 6.04 μs | 3912 B |
| simdjsone: map => iodata | 379.8K | 2.63 μs | 2.38 μs | 5.79 μs | 888 B |
Encode (750 KB JSON)
| Library | ips | mean | median | p99 | memory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| torque: proplist => iodata | 1280.9 | 0.78 ms | 0.76 ms | 0.96 ms | 64 B |
| torque: proplist => binary | 1270.8 | 0.79 ms | 0.76 ms | 1.01 ms | 88 B |
| torque: map => iodata | 1109.3 | 0.90 ms | 0.89 ms | 1.10 ms | 64 B |
| torque: map => binary | 1078.4 | 0.93 ms | 0.90 ms | 1.46 ms | 88 B |
| jiffy: proplist => iodata | 329.1 | 3.04 ms | 2.78 ms | 7.86 ms | 37.7 KB |
| jiffy: map => iodata | 285.8 | 3.50 ms | 3.56 ms | 4.18 ms | 1.06 MB |
| otp json: map => iodata | 263.5 | 3.80 ms | 3.97 ms | 4.91 ms | 5.40 MB |
| simdjsone: proplist => iodata | 257.8 | 3.88 ms | 3.79 ms | 6.54 ms | 37.7 KB |
| jason: map => iodata | 255.5 | 3.91 ms | 3.74 ms | 6.04 ms | 4.96 MB |
| simdjsone: map => iodata | 225.3 | 4.44 ms | 4.31 ms | 5.34 ms | 1.06 MB |
| otp json: map => binary | 180.1 | 5.55 ms | 5.58 ms | 13.46 ms | 5.40 MB |
| jason: map => binary | 141.4 | 7.07 ms | 7.03 ms | 7.94 ms | 4.96 MB |
Parse + Get (1.2 KB JSON)
| Library | ips | mean | median | p99 | memory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| torque parse+get_many_nil | 478.4K | 2.09 μs | 1.75 μs | 4.83 μs | 288 B |
| torque parse+get_many | 471.8K | 2.12 μs | 1.75 μs | 4.83 μs | 408 B |
| torque parse+get | 445.9K | 2.24 μs | 1.96 μs | 5.88 μs | 432 B |
| simdjsone parse+get | 445.5K | 2.24 μs | 1.67 μs | 5.17 μs | 408 B |
Run benchmarks locally:
MIX_ENV=bench mix run bench/torque_bench.exsLimitations
- Nesting depth: JSON documents nested deeper than 512 levels return
{:error, :nesting_too_deep}fromdecode/1,get/2,get_many/2, andencode/1rather than crashing the VM. Real-world documents are never this deep; the limit exists to prevent stack overflow in the NIF.
License
MIT