ExPdfium

Elixir bindings for pdfium — Google's Chromium PDF engine — via the Rust pdfium-render crate, shipped as a precompiled NIF with rustler_precompiled.

No Rust toolchain. No separately-installed pdfium. Add the dep and go.

A read & extract toolkit. Open documents and count pages, render pages to bitmaps, extract and search text, read metadata, page geometry and permissions, walk structure (bookmarks, links, attachments), and read forms and annotations. It does not create, edit, or save PDFs.

Why

The native PDF-rendering gap in Elixir: Vix/Image (libvips) ships without PDF support, so rasterizing a PDF normally means building libvips from source with poppler/pdfium. ExPdfium fills that gap with a precompiled pdfium binding — rendering, plus text extraction and metadata that pure-libvips can't give you.

This is a ground-up Rust rewrite of the older gmile/pdfium C++ NIF, adopting the rustler_precompiled release model so every supported OTP (27/28/29+) gets a precompiled binary from one build matrix.

Installation

def deps do
  [{:ex_pdfium, "~> 0.1"}]
end

Usage

{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.open("file.pdf")          # or open(<<"%PDF...">> = bytes)
{:ok, n}   = ExPdfium.page_count(doc)
:ok        = ExPdfium.close(doc)

# Encrypted documents:
{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.open("secret.pdf", password: "hunter2")

Documents are closed automatically on garbage collection; call ExPdfium.close/1 to release pdfium memory early. open/2 returns {:error, reason} for problems like :enoent, :invalid_pdf, or :password_error.

Rendering

{:ok, %ExPdfium.Bitmap{data: data, width: w, height: h}} =
  ExPdfium.render_page(doc, 0, dpi: 300)   # or scale:, or width:/height:

# Hand the raw RGBA buffer straight to Vix/Image:
{:ok, image} = Vix.Vips.Image.new_from_binary(data, w, h, 4, :VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR)
Image.write(image, "page.png")

render_page/3 takes :dpi / :scale / :width / :height for sizing, format: :rgba | :bgra, background: :white | :transparent, plus grayscale:, annotations:, and form_fields: toggles. The bitmap is an uncompressed 4-channel buffer (width * height * 4 bytes).

# Suppress the annotation overlay, in grayscale:
{:ok, bmp} = ExPdfium.render_page(doc, 0, dpi: 150, grayscale: true, annotations: false)

# One small bitmap per page (defaults to width 200):
{:ok, thumbs} = ExPdfium.thumbnails(doc, width: 160)

Text & search

{:ok, text} = ExPdfium.extract_text(doc, 0)   # one page
{:ok, text} = ExPdfium.extract_text(doc)      # whole document

# Text runs with bounding boxes (PDF points, origin bottom-left):
{:ok, segments} = ExPdfium.text_segments(doc, 0)
# => [%{text: "Hello", bounds: %{left: 41.9, bottom: 115.2, right: 89.0, top: 137.5}}, ...]

# Search a page (case-insensitive by default):
{:ok, matches} = ExPdfium.search_text(doc, 0, "invoice", match_case: false)
# => [%{text: "Invoice", rects: [%{left: ..., bottom: ..., right: ..., top: ...}]}, ...]

Metadata, geometry & permissions

{:ok, meta} = ExPdfium.metadata(doc)
# => %{title: "…", author: "…", creation_date: "D:…", producer: "…",
#      version: "1.7", page_count: 12, page_mode: :none, ...}  # /Info + doc properties

{:ok, info} = ExPdfium.page_info(doc, 0)
# => %{width: 612.0, height: 792.0, rotation: 0, label: nil,
#      boxes: %{media: %{left: 0.0, bottom: 0.0, right: 612.0, top: 792.0},
#               crop: nil, bleed: nil, trim: nil, art: nil}}  # non-media boxes often nil

{:ok, perms} = ExPdfium.permissions(doc)
# => %{print_high_quality: true, extract_text_and_graphics: true, modify_content: true, ...}

Structure & navigation

{:ok, tree} = ExPdfium.outline(doc)        # bookmark tree
# => [%{title: "Chapter 1", page: 0, children: [%{title: "1.1", page: 0, children: []}]}, ...]

{:ok, links} = ExPdfium.links(doc, 0)      # links on a page
# => [%{bounds: %{...}, uri: "https://example.com", page: nil},
#     %{bounds: %{...}, uri: nil, page: 1}]               # internal link to page 1

{:ok, files} = ExPdfium.attachments(doc)   # => [%{index: 0, name: "note.txt", size: 25}]
{:ok, bytes} = ExPdfium.attachment_data(doc, 0)

Forms & annotations (read)

{:ok, :acrobat} = ExPdfium.form_type(doc)  # :none | :acrobat | :xfa_full | :xfa_foreground

{:ok, fields} = ExPdfium.form_fields(doc)  # AcroForm fields, one per widget
# => [%{name: "full_name", type: :text, value: "Ada Lovelace", checked: nil,
#       read_only: false, required: false, page: 0, bounds: %{...}},
#     %{name: "subscribe", type: :checkbox, value: "Yes", checked: true, ...}]

{:ok, anns} = ExPdfium.annotations(doc, 0) # annotations on a page (markup + widgets)
# => [%{type: :highlight, contents: "Important", bounds: %{...}, name: nil,
#       hidden: false, printed: false}, ...]

XFA form data needs a V8-enabled pdfium build, which is not shipped; :xfa_full documents may expose an empty or partial AcroForm view.

Images & page objects

# What's on the page, typed, with bounds:
{:ok, objects} = ExPdfium.page_objects(doc, 0)
# => [%{index: 0, type: :text, bounds: %{...}},
#     %{index: 2, type: :image, bounds: %{...}}, ...]  # :text|:path|:image|:shading|:form

# The image objects, and how they're stored:
{:ok, images} = ExPdfium.images(doc, 0)
# => [%{index: 2, width: 800, height: 600, bits_per_pixel: 24, filters: ["DCTDecode"],
#       bounds: %{...}, matrix: %{a: 800.0, b: 0.0, c: 0.0, d: 600.0, e: 40.0, f: 100.0}}]

# Decoded pixels (native channel order — Vix-ready):
{:ok, %ExPdfium.Bitmap{data: data, width: w, height: h, format: fmt}} =
  ExPdfium.image_data(doc, 0, 2)              # fmt: :gray | :bgr | :bgrx | :bgra

# …or the original encoded stream (a DCTDecode image IS a .jpg):
{:ok, jpg} = ExPdfium.image_raw_data(doc, 0, 2)

The :matrix on each object/image is its [a b c d e f] transform. For an image it maps the unit square onto the page, so you can recover on-page scale, rotation, and flip deterministically — handy to orient an extracted image_raw_data/3 stream (e.g. a scanned page bound for OCR) without re-rendering.

Writing — page assembly

# Merge, rotate, and save. In-place ops return {:ok, doc} (the same handle), so
# they thread through `with`:
with {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.open("a.pdf"),
     {:ok, other} <- ExPdfium.open("b.pdf"),
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.append(doc, other),       # merge b's pages onto a
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.delete_pages(doc, 2..3),   # drop a page or a range
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.rotate_page(doc, 0, 90),   # 0 | 90 | 180 | 270
     :ok <- ExPdfium.save_to_file(doc, "merged.pdf") do
  :ok
end

# Split / subset — build a NEW document from selected pages, in any order:
{:ok, subset} = ExPdfium.extract_pages(doc, [0, 2, 5])
{:ok, bytes}  = ExPdfium.save_to_bytes(subset)

save_to_bytes/1 / save_to_file/2 write a full snapshot and leave doc open for further edits.

Creating documents

Build a PDF from scratch — pages, text (Standard-14 fonts), shapes, and images. Coordinates are PDF points, origin bottom-left; colors are {r,g,b}/{r,g,b,a} (0–255).

with {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.new(),
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.add_page(doc, :letter),   # :a4 | :legal | … | {w_pts, h_pts}
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.draw_text(doc, 0, {72, 720}, "Invoice #42",
                     font: :helvetica_bold, size: 18),
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.draw_line(doc, 0, {72, 710}, {540, 710}, stroke: {0, 0, 0}),
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.draw_rectangle(doc, 0, %{left: 72, bottom: 600, right: 540, top: 690},
                     fill: {245, 245, 245}, stroke: {200, 200, 200}),
     {:ok, doc} <- ExPdfium.draw_circle(doc, 0, {120, 645}, 24, fill: {220, 50, 50}),
     :ok <- ExPdfium.save_to_file(doc, "invoice.pdf") do
  :ok
end

Placing images

draw_image/4 takes decoded pixels — an ExPdfium.Bitmap, the same struct render_page/3 and image_data/3 produce — not an encoded JPEG/PNG. So you can re-place a rendered page or an extracted image directly:

{:ok, bmp} = ExPdfium.image_data(src_doc, 0, 2)
{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.draw_image(doc, 0, bmp, at: %{left: 400, bottom: 700, right: 540, top: 760})

Pixel byte order {: .info}

pdfium stores images in BGRA order. draw_image/4 takes :bgra, :bgr, :bgrx, and :gray bitmaps as-is, and for :rgba/:rgbx (what render_page/3 yields by default, and what most image libraries produce) it swaps R↔B for you — so you never have to think about byte order.

To place an image file, decode it to pixels first with the optional Vix library (the same one used for rendering):

{:ok, vimg} = Vix.Vips.Image.new_from_file("logo.png")   # a 4-band RGBA image
{w, h, 4} = Vix.Vips.Image.shape(vimg)
{:ok, pixels} = Vix.Vips.Image.write_to_binary(vimg)

bitmap = %ExPdfium.Bitmap{data: pixels, width: w, height: h, stride: w * 4, format: :rgba}
{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.draw_image(doc, 0, bitmap, at: %{left: 400, bottom: 700, right: 540, top: 760})

If the source isn't already 4-band RGBA, convert it first (e.g. Vix.Vips.Operation.colourspace/2 and add an alpha band). draw_image/4 accepts :rgba, :bgra, :bgrx, :bgr, and :gray.

Writing — annotations

Author annotations on a page. Rectangles take a bounds map (%{left:, bottom:, right:, top:}, PDF points) — the same shape annotations/2 reads back.

# A sticky note (icon + popup text), a visible text box, a boxed callout, a link:
{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.add_text_annotation(doc, 0, {500, 720}, "Please review")
{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.add_free_text_annotation(doc, 0, %{left: 72, bottom: 690, right: 320, top: 715}, "DRAFT")
{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.add_square_annotation(doc, 0, %{left: 60, bottom: 540, right: 540, top: 660}, stroke: {220, 50, 50})
{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.add_link_annotation(doc, 0, %{left: 72, bottom: 510, right: 260, top: 525}, "https://hex.pm")

{:ok, doc} = ExPdfium.delete_annotation(doc, 0, 0) # remove by 0-based page index

The text-markup family (highlight/underline/strikeout/squiggly) is deferred: pdfium's own renderer won't display them without an appearance stream it does not auto-generate. FreeText renders its text in pdfium's default appearance color (black); for colored text, use draw_text/5.

Saving, assembly, and annotation authoring are the v0.3 write surface; form-filling and the text-markup annotation family arrive in later 0.3.x releases.

Development

The shipped NIF binds pdfium dynamically and loads a libpdfium bundled inside the precompiled tarball, right beside the NIF (bblanchon publishes no static libpdfium.a). For local work, download a libpdfium once and point the tests at it:

just fetch-pdfium            # downloads libpdfium for this host into priv/pdfium
just test                    # EXPDFIUM_BUILD=1 mix test  (forces a from-source build)
just fmt                     # mix format + cargo fmt

EXPDFIUM_BUILD=1 forces a from-source NIF build instead of downloading a precompiled one. CI runs the full gate: mix format --check-formatted, cargo fmt --check, cargo clippy -- -D warnings, mix compile --warnings-as-errors, and mix test.

Releasing

See UPDATE_PROCEDURE.md. In short: just release bumps the version, rolls the CHANGELOG, tags, and pushes; the tag triggers a build matrix that attaches one NIF per target to a GitHub release; checksums are regenerated from those artifacts; Hex publish is gated behind a manual approval.

License

MIT — see LICENSE. pdfium itself is BSD-3-Clause (Google/Chromium); the precompiled pdfium binaries come from bblanchon/pdfium-binaries.